Ignorant (απαιδευτους). Old verbal, here only in N.T. (α privative and παιδευω). Untrained, uneducated, "speculations of a half-educated mind" (Parry).

Refuse (παραιτου). See 1. Timothy 4:7.

They gender strifes (γεννωσιν μαχας). Present active indicative of old and common verb γενναω (Romans 9:11). "They beget battles." See 2. Timothy 2:14.